Percentages various costs involved in analysis of rates for civil engineering works.

Percentages various costs involved in analysis of rates for civil engineering works.

In the analysis of rates for civil engineering works, various cost components are factored into the total rate. Each component is typically calculated as a percentage of the total cost, depending on the nature of the project and local conditions. Here's a general breakdown of the percentage of costs involved:

1. Materials Cost (50% to 70%)

  • Definition: The cost of raw materials like cement, steel, sand, aggregates, bricks, etc.
  • Percentage: This is typically the largest cost component, often ranging from 50% to 70% of the total cost, depending on the type of work (e.g., concrete work, masonry, etc.).
  • Variation: For material-intensive works (e.g., RCC, steel structures), the percentage will be higher.

2. Labor (Manpower) Cost (20% to 40%)

  • Definition: The wages paid to skilled and unskilled workers.
  • Percentage: The labor cost is usually around 20% to 40% of the total cost, depending on the labor intensity of the work.
  • Variation: Labor-intensive works (e.g., brickwork, plastering) tend to have a higher labor cost.

3. Equipment/Plant and Machinery Cost (5% to 10%)

  • Definition: The cost of using machinery and equipment, such as concrete mixers, cranes, scaffolding, etc.
  • Percentage: Around 5% to 10% of the total cost.
  • Variation: Projects relying heavily on mechanization, such as earthmoving or road construction, will have a higher percentage allocated to equipment costs.

4. Overheads and Contractor’s Profit (10% to 15%)

  • Definition: This includes indirect expenses such as office administration, site establishment, utilities, as well as the contractor’s margin or profit.
  • Percentage: Typically ranges from 10% to 15% of the total cost.

5. Transportation Cost (2% to 5%)

  • Definition: The cost of transporting materials and labor to the construction site.
  • Percentage: Around 2% to 5%, depending on the project's location and the distance of materials from the site.

6. Water and Electricity Charges (1% to 2%)

  • Definition: Utilities used during construction, such as water for concrete mixing or electricity for machinery.
  • Percentage: Typically a smaller component, around 1% to 2% of the total cost.

7. Scaffolding, Shuttering, and Centering (3% to 5%)

  • Definition: Temporary structures used to support construction.
  • Percentage: Around 3% to 5% of the total cost, particularly in works involving concrete.

8. Miscellaneous and Contingency Costs (5% to 10%)

  • Definition: This includes unforeseen expenses, insurance, legal fees, etc.
  • Percentage: Around 5% to 10%, depending on the complexity and risks associated with the project.

Summary of Typical Cost Percentages:

  • Material Cost: 50% – 70%
  • Labor Cost: 20% – 40%
  • Equipment/Plant: 5% – 10%
  • Overheads & Profit: 10% – 15%
  • Transportation: 2% – 5%
  • Water & Electricity: 1% – 2%
  • Scaffolding & Shuttering: 3% – 5%
  • Miscellaneous & Contingency: 5% – 10%

The exact percentages can vary depending on factors like the scale of the project, geographical location, labor availability, and complexity of the work.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Out Turn Work (Labor output)

The term "Out Turn Work" or Labor Output refers to the quantity of work that can be accomplished by a worker or a team in a specific period (typically a day). It is used to estimate labor productivity in construction. Here is a general list of labor output for various types of construction work. The exact output can vary based on factors such as labor skill level, working conditions, material availability, and site constraints. General Construction Works Earthwork and Excavation Manual Earthwork (Soft soil): 2.5 - 3.5 m³ per labor per day Manual Earthwork (Hard soil): 1.5 - 2 m³ per labor per day Manual Excavation (Rock, by chiseling): 0.5 - 1.0 m³ per labor per day Concrete Work Mixing and placing concrete (by hand): 1.5 - 2.5 m³ per labor per day Mixing and placing concrete (by machine): 6 - 8 m³ per labor per day Concrete Formwork (shuttering, vertical formwork): 2.5 - 4 m² per carpenter per day Brickwork and Masonry Brickwork (standard bricks, in 1:6 cement mortar): 1.2...
Read more

TESTING OF SOIL IN CIVIL ENGINEERING - QUALITY CONTROL

1.0    FIELD CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS 1.0    GENERAL: Types of Soil tests for building construction works depend on properties of soil. Design of the foundation is based on soil test report of construction site.  Soil is a very important part of the design and building of any structure. Since the soil is in direct contact with the structure, it acts as a way to transfer loads. Any analysis of forces acting on the structure must consider how stresses are spread through the soil since the structure’s stability depends on the soil’s properties. At the feasibility stage, it is important to conduct a geotechnical study of the site before the design begins. It is a key design input that helps to understand the subsoil on which the structure will stand.  Unlike construction material like Cement, Steel, Bricks and timber, soil does not possess a constant parameter. The type of soil, its density, moisture content and so its strength and deformation characteristic...
Read more

Format Civil 01 : Record of Calibration of Survey Instruments

 Find below Format Civil 01 : Record of Calibration of Survey Instruments for excel format click this download link Prepare and keep a list of instruments that need calibration for example : these instruments can be  Theodolite   Levels  Steel measurement tapes  Cross staff   Distomat   All balances   Weigh Batcher  Cube testing Machine   Pressure Gauges  Dial gauges  Dead weight tester  Vernier caliper/ screw gauge   Holiday tester  Universal Testing Machine  Charpy V-notch Impact testing machine  Hardness Testing Machine  Various Digital and Analog meters  Variable current, voltage and resistance generators  Temperature/ Pressure Recorders  Temperature gauges including RTDs  Thermocouples  Vibration probes  Decibel-meter   Any other 
Read more